The kaya shaftshine mafi mahimmancin tallafi da jujjuya sashi a cikin injinan gini, wanda zai iya gane motsin juyawa nagearsda sauran abubuwan da aka gyara, kuma suna iya isar da juzu'i da iko akan nesa mai nisa. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga high watsa yadda ya dace, dogon sabis rayuwa da m tsarin. An yi amfani da shi sosai kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sassan watsa kayan aikin gini. A halin yanzu, tare da saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin cikin gida da faɗaɗa ababen more rayuwa, za a sami sabon buƙatun injinan gine-gine. Zaɓin zaɓi na kayan aikin kayan aiki, hanyar magani mai zafi, shigarwa da daidaitawa na kayan aikin injin, sigogin tsarin hobbing, da ciyarwa duk suna da matukar mahimmanci ga ingancin sarrafawa da rayuwar kayan aikin. Wannan takarda tana gudanar da bincike na musamman game da fasahar sarrafa kayan aikin kayan aiki a cikin kayan aikin gine-gine bisa ga aikin da ya dace, kuma ya ba da shawarar ƙirar haɓaka mai dacewa, wanda ke ba da goyon bayan fasaha mai karfi don inganta fasahar sarrafa kayan aikin injiniya.

Analysis a kan Processing Technology naGear Shafta cikin Injinan Gine-gine

Don dacewar bincike, wannan takarda ta zaɓi madaidaicin kayan shigar da kayan aikin gini a cikin injinan gini, wato, sassa na shinge na yau da kullun, waɗanda suka haɗa da splines, filaye masu kewayawa, saman baka, kafadu, tsagi, tsagi na zobe, gears da sauran daban-daban. siffofin. Geometric surface da na geometric abun da ke ciki. Madaidaicin buƙatun kayan aikin gear gabaɗaya yana da girma, kuma wahalar sarrafawa yana da girma, don haka dole ne a zaɓi wasu mahimman hanyoyin haɗin kai a cikin tsarin aiki daidai kuma a bincika su, kamar kayan, ƙayyadaddun splines na waje, alamomi, sarrafa bayanan haƙori, magani mai zafi. , da dai sauransu Don tabbatar da inganci da farashin sarrafawa na kayan aiki na kayan aiki, ana nazarin matakai daban-daban a cikin sarrafa kayan aiki a kasa.

Zaɓin kayan abu nakaya shaft

Gear shafts a watsa inji yawanci sanya daga 45 karfe a high quality-carbon karfe, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi a gami karfe, da dai sauransu Gabaɗaya, ya sadu da ƙarfin da bukatun na kayan, da lalacewa juriya ne mai kyau, kuma farashin ya dace. .

M machining fasahar na kaya shaft

Saboda babban ƙarfin buƙatun buƙatun kayan aiki, yin amfani da ƙarfe na zagaye don mashin ɗin kai tsaye yana cinye abubuwa da yawa da aiki, don haka ƙirƙira yawanci ana amfani da su azaman blanks, kuma ana iya amfani da ƙirƙira kyauta don ginshiƙan gear tare da manyan girma; Mutu forgings; wasu lokuta ana iya sanya wasu ƙananan ginshiƙai su zama babu komai tare da shaft. A lokacin masana'anta mara kyau, idan kullin ƙirƙira ƙirƙira ce ta kyauta, sarrafa shi yakamata ya bi ma'aunin GB/T15826; idan blank ɗin ƙirƙira ce mai ƙirƙira, izinin injin ɗin ya kamata ya bi daidaitattun tsarin GB/T12362. Ya kamata ƙera guraben fasikanci ya hana ƙirƙira lahani kamar hatsi, tsagewa, da tsagewa, kuma a gwada su daidai da ƙa'idodin ƙima na ƙima na ƙasa.

Maganin zafi na farko da tsarin jujjuyawar blanks

The blanks tare da yawa gear shafts ne mafi yawa high quality carbon tsarin karfe da gami karfe. Domin ƙara taurin kayan da sauƙaƙe aiki, da zafi magani rungumi dabi'ar normalizing zafi magani, wato: normalizing tsari, zazzabi 960 ℃, iska sanyaya, da taurin darajar zauna HB170-207. Daidaita maganin zafi kuma na iya samun tasirin tace ƙirƙira hatsi, tsarin lu'ulu'u iri ɗaya, da kawar da damuwa mai ƙirƙira, wanda ke aza harsashin maganin zafi na gaba.

Babban maƙasudin jujjuyawar juzu'i shine yanke izinin mashin ɗin akan saman babur, kuma jerin mashin ɗin babban saman ya dogara da zaɓin madaidaicin sashi. Halayen sassan shaft ɗin gear da kansu da daidaitattun buƙatun kowane farfajiya suna shafar ma'anar sanyawa. Sassan shaft ɗin gear yawanci suna amfani da axis a matsayin maƙasudin matsayi, ta yadda za a iya haɗa ma'anar kuma ta zo daidai da ƙirar ƙira. A cikin ainihin samarwa, ana amfani da da'irar waje azaman madaidaicin matsayi, ana amfani da manyan ramuka a ƙarshen madaidaicin gear azaman madaidaicin matsayi, kuma ana sarrafa kuskuren a cikin 1/3 zuwa 1/5 na kuskuren girma. .

Bayan maganin zafi na shirye-shiryen, ana juyawa ko niƙa blank a kan fuskoki biyu na ƙarshen (daidaita daidai da layin), sannan a yi alama ramukan tsakiya a ƙarshen duka, kuma an tona ramukan tsakiya a ƙarshen duka, sa'an nan kuma a da'irar waje. za a iya roughed.

Fasahar Injin Kammala Da'irar Waje

Tsarin jujjuya mai kyau shine kamar haka: da'irar waje tana da kyau a jujjuya akan tushen manyan ramuka a duka ƙarshen gear gear. A cikin ainihin tsarin samar da kayan aiki, ana samar da kayan aiki a cikin batches. Domin inganta aiki yadda ya dace da kuma sarrafa ingancin kayan aiki shafts, CNC juya yawanci amfani da cewa sarrafa ingancin duk workpieces za a iya sarrafa ta cikin shirin, da kuma a lokaci guda, shi ne tabbatar da ingancin tsari na tsari. .

Za'a iya kashe sassan da aka gama da kuma fushi bisa ga yanayin aiki da buƙatun fasaha na sassan, wanda zai iya zama tushen tushen quenching na gaba da jiyya na nitriding, da kuma rage nakasar jiyya. Idan ƙirar ba ta buƙatar quenching da magani mai zafi, zai iya shiga cikin tsarin hobbing kai tsaye.

Fasahar Injin Injiniya na Gear Shaft Tooth da Spline

Don tsarin watsawa na kayan aikin gini, gears da splines sune mahimman abubuwan da zasu iya watsa wutar lantarki da juzu'i, kuma suna buƙatar daidaitattun daidaito. Gears yawanci suna amfani da daidaitattun maki 7-9. Don gears tare da madaidaicin sa na 9, duka masu yankan hobbing na kayan aiki da na'urori masu ƙirar kayan aiki na iya biyan buƙatun kayan aikin, amma daidaiton mashin ɗin na kayan aikin injin yana da mahimmanci fiye da ƙirar kayan aiki, kuma daidai yake da inganci; Gears waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaiton sa na 8 ana iya yin hobbing ko aski da farko, sannan a sarrafa su ta haƙoran haƙora; don ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa madaidaici 7, yakamata a yi amfani da dabarun sarrafawa daban-daban gwargwadon girman batch. Idan karamin tsari ne ko yanki guda Don samarwa, ana iya sarrafa shi gwargwadon hobbing (grooving), sannan ta hanyar dumama da quenching na induction mai girma da sauran hanyoyin jiyya na saman, kuma a ƙarshe ta hanyar niƙa don cimma daidaitattun buƙatun. ; idan babban aiki ne, a fara yin hobing, sannan aski. , sa'an nan high-mita shigar da dumama da quenching, kuma a karshe honing. Don gears tare da buƙatun kashewa, yakamata a sarrafa su a matakin sama da matakin daidaiton injin da ake buƙata ta zanen.

Tsakanin shingen gear gabaɗaya suna da nau'ikan iri biyu: splines rectangular da involute splines. Don splines tare da madaidaicin buƙatun, ana amfani da mirgina haƙora da niƙa haƙora. A halin yanzu, involute splines ne aka fi amfani da su a fagen gine-gine, tare da matsa lamba na 30 °. Duk da haka, fasahar sarrafawa na manyan shingen shinge na gear yana da wahala kuma yana buƙatar na'urar niƙa ta musamman don sarrafawa; ƙananan sarrafa tsari na iya amfani da farantin indexing ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar injiniya na musamman tare da injin niƙa.

Tattaunawa akan Fannin Haƙori Carburizing ko Muhimmancin Fasahar Magani na Jiyya

Fuskar shingen gear da farfajiyar mahimmancin diamita mai mahimmanci yawanci yana buƙatar magani na ƙasa, kuma hanyoyin magance yanayin sun haɗa da maganin carburizing da quenching. Manufar hardening surface da carburizing jiyya shi ne don sa shaft surface samun mafi girma taurin da kuma sa juriya. Ƙarfi, tauri da filastik, yawanci spline hakora, tsagi, da dai sauransu ba sa buƙatar magani na ƙasa, kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin aiki, don haka shafa fenti kafin carburizing ko quenching surface, bayan an kammala jiyya na surface, tap da sauƙi sannan kuma a kashe , quenching magani ya kamata. kula da tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da su kamar zazzabi mai sarrafawa, saurin sanyaya, matsakaicin sanyaya, da sauransu. Idan nakasar tana da girma, yana buƙatar a dena shi kuma a sanya shi don sake lalacewa.

Nazari na Nika Ramin Cibiyar da Sauran Muhimman Tsarin Kammala Sama

Bayan da aka yi amfani da shingen gear, ya zama dole a niƙa manyan ramuka a ƙarshen duka, kuma a yi amfani da ƙasa a matsayin kyakkyawan tunani don niƙa wasu mahimman abubuwan waje da fuskokin ƙarshe. Hakazalika, ta yin amfani da manyan ramuka a ƙarshen duka biyu a matsayin kyakkyawan tunani, gama machining mahimman saman saman kusa da tsagi har sai an cika buƙatun zane.

Binciken Ƙarshen Tsarin Haƙori

Ƙarshen saman haƙori kuma yana ɗaukar manyan ramuka a ƙarshen duka biyu azaman bayanin ƙarewa, kuma yana niƙa saman haƙori da sauran sassa har sai an cika buƙatun daidaito.

Gabaɗaya, hanyar sarrafawa na ginshiƙan kayan aikin gini shine: blanking, ƙirƙira, daidaitawa, jujjuyawa mai kyau, juzu'i mai kyau, m hobbing, kyakkyawan hobbing, milling, spline deburring, surface quenching ko carburizing, tsakiyar rami nika, muhimmanci m surface da kuma Ƙarshen fuska niƙa Ana bincika samfuran niƙa na mahimman farfajiyar waje kusa da tsagi mai juyawa kuma an saka su cikin ajiya.

Bayan taƙaitaccen aiki, hanyar da ake amfani da ita a halin yanzu da kuma buƙatun tsari na shingen kayan aiki kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, amma tare da ci gaban masana'antu na zamani, sababbin matakai da sababbin fasaha suna ci gaba da fitowa da kuma amfani da su, kuma ana ci gaba da ingantawa da aiwatar da tsofaffin matakai. . Fasahar sarrafa kayan aiki kuma tana canzawa koyaushe.

a karshe

Fasahar sarrafa kayan aikin kayan aiki yana da tasiri mai girma akan ingancin kayan aikin. Shirye-shiryen kowane fasahar shaft gear yana da dangantaka mai mahimmanci tare da matsayi a cikin samfurin, aikinsa da matsayi na sassan da ke da alaƙa. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da ingancin sarrafa kayan aikin kayan aiki, ana buƙatar haɓaka fasahar sarrafawa mafi kyau. Dangane da ainihin ƙwarewar samarwa, wannan takarda yana yin ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na fasaha na sarrafa kayan aikin kayan aiki. Ta hanyar cikakken tattaunawa game da zaɓin kayan aiki, jiyya na sama, maganin zafi da kuma yanke fasahar sarrafa kayan aiki, yana taƙaita ayyukan samarwa don tabbatar da ingancin aiki da machining na kayan aiki. Mafi kyawun fasaha na sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin dacewa yana ba da goyon bayan fasaha mai mahimmanci don sarrafa kayan aiki na kayan aiki, kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan tunani don sarrafa sauran samfurori masu kama.