Kasar Sin babbar kasa ce ta masana'antu, musamman sakamakon bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasa, masana'antun kasar Sin masu alaka da masana'antu sun samu sakamako mai kyau. A cikin masana'antar injuna, gears su ne mafi mahimmanci kuma abubuwan da ba dole ba ne, waɗanda ake amfani da su a fannoni daban-daban na tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Babban ci gaban masana'antun masana'antu na kasar Sin ya haifar da saurin ci gaban masana'antar kera.

A halin yanzu, kirkire-kirkire mai zaman kansa ya zama babban jigon masana'antar kera, kuma ya haifar da lokacin sake fasalin. A halin yanzu, masana'antu masu fasaha sun zama sabon tsarin da jihar ta inganta. Masana'antar kaya tana da halaye na daidaitawa da manyan batches, kuma yana da sauƙin fahimtar canji zuwa jagorar hankali. Ana iya cewa babbar matsalar masana'antar kera kayan aiki a halin yanzu ita ce buƙatar gaggawa don canza yanayin samarwa da haɓaka matakin sarrafa masana'anta.

Na farko, matsayin ci gaban masana'antar kera na kasar Sin

Masana'antar kayan aiki ita ce ainihin masana'antar kera kayan aikin kasar Sin. Yana da babban matakin haɗin gwiwar masana'antu, haɓaka aikin yi mai ƙarfi, da babban jarin fasaha. Yana da muhimmiyar garanti ga masana'antar kera kayan aiki don cimma haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu da ci gaban fasaha.

Bayan shekaru 30 na ci gaba, masana'antar kera kayayyakin kasar Sin sun shiga cikin tsarin tallafi na duniya, kuma sun kafa tsarin masana'antu mafi inganci a duniya. A tarihi ya gane canji daga ƙananan-ƙarshe zuwa tsakiyar-ƙarshe, tsarin fasahar kayan aiki da tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin fasahar kayan aiki da asali. Babura, motoci, wutar lantarki da injinan gine-gine su ne ginshiƙan ci gaban masana'antar kera na ƙasata. Sakamakon waɗannan masana'antu masu alaƙa, ma'auni na samun kudin shiga na masana'antar kayan aiki yana nuna saurin bunƙasa haɓaka, kuma ma'aunin masana'antar kayan yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa. Bayanai sun nuna cewa, a shekarar 2016, darajar kayayyakin da ake fitarwa a kasuwannin kasar ta ya kai Yuan biliyan 230, wanda ya zama na daya a duniya. A shekarar 2017, adadin kayayyakin da aka fitar ya kai yuan biliyan 236, adadin da ya karu da kashi 7.02 cikin dari a duk shekara, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 61% na adadin kayayyakin da ake fitarwa na sassan injina.

A cewar amfani da samfurin, ana iya sa masana'antar masana'antu zuwa rukuni uku: abin da ke gears, kayan masana'antu da takamaiman kayan aiki; aikace-aikacen kayan aikin abin hawa sun haɗa da motoci daban-daban, babura, injinan gini, injinan noma da motocin soja, da sauransu; aikace-aikacen kayan aikin masana'antu, filayen kayan aikin masana'antu sun haɗa da marine, hakar ma'adinai, ƙarfe, jirgin sama, wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu, kayan aikin kayan aiki na musamman galibi kayan aikin masana'anta ne kamar kayan aikin injin na musamman don gears, yankan kayan aikin da sauransu.

A cikin babbar kasuwar kaya ta kasar Sin, kaso 62 cikin 100 na kayayyakin ababen hawa a kasuwa, kuma na'urorin masana'antu sun kai kashi 38%. Daga cikin su, gears na mota yana da kashi 62% na kayan abin hawa, wato, kashi 38% na kasuwar kayan gabaɗaya, da sauran kayan aikin abin hawa ke ɗaukar nauyin gear gabaɗaya. 24% na kasuwa.

Ta fuskar samarwa, akwai kamfanoni sama da 5,000 na kera kaya, sama da kamfanoni 1,000 sama da girman da aka tsara, da manyan kamfanoni sama da 300. Dangane da nau'in samfuran kayan aiki, adadin samfuran manyan, matsakaici da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima shine kusan 35%, 35% da 30%;

Dangane da goyon bayan manufofin, "Tsarin Tsarin Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha na Kasa Matsakaici da Tsawon Wa'adi (2006-2020)", "Shirin Daidaitawa da Farfaɗowar Masana'antar Kera Kayan Aiki", "Shirin Shekaru Goma Biyar na Ƙungiyoyin Kayan Aiki, Basic Manufacturing Technology da Basic Materials Industry" "Shirin Haɓaka" da "Sharuɗɗa don Aiwatar da Ayyukan Gidauniyar Ƙarfin Masana'antu (2016-2020)" an sake su a jere, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta fasahar kayan aiki da bincike da haɓaka samfur masana'antunsu.

Ta fuskar mabukaci, ana amfani da gears a cikin motoci daban-daban, babura, motocin noma, kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki, kayan aikin ƙarfe, injinan gine-gine, jiragen ruwa, na'urorin jigilar dogo da na'urori. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna buƙatar mafi girma kuma mafi girma daidaici, amintacce, ingantaccen watsawa da tsawon rayuwar sabis na gears da sassan kaya. Daga mahangar kimar gears (ciki har da na'urorin gear), daban-daban gear gears suna lissafin sama da kashi 60%, sauran gears suna lissafin ƙasa da 40%. A shekarar 2017, masana'antun kera motoci daban-daban sun kera tare da sayar da motoci kusan miliyan 29, sanye take da na'urorin watsa shirye-shiryen hannu, da na'urar watsa shirye-shirye ta atomatik, da gatari da sauran kayayyakin da suka kai kimanin yuan biliyan 140. A cikin 2017, an ƙara 126.61GW na sabon ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin ƙasa baki ɗaya. Daga cikin su, 45.1GW na wutar lantarki da aka sanya, 9.13GW na wutar lantarki da aka sanya, 16.23GW na wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid, 53.99GW na hasken rana mai haɗin grid, da 2.16GW na ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka shigar. Wadannan na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki suna sanye da kayayyakin kayan aiki kamar akwatunan da ke kara sauri da kuma rage biliyoyin yuan.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da goyon bayan manufofi da kudade, ƙarfin ƙirƙira na masana'antu ya inganta sosai. Wasu manyan masana'antu a cikin masana'antu sun kafa sabbin dandamali na R&D kamar cibiyoyin fasaha na masana'antu na kasa, wuraren ayyukan masana'antu na gaba da digiri, wuraren ayyukan ilimi, da cibiyoyin bincike na masana'antu, suna aza harsashi don sabbin ci gaba. Adadin haƙƙin mallaka yana da girma kuma yana da inganci, musamman adadin haƙƙin ƙirƙira ya ƙaru sosai. An sami babban ci gaba a cikin nasarorin kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma fasahar kera samfuran kayan aiki masu inganci kamar manyan riguna masu tauri, manyan akwatunan kayan aiki masu nauyi na duniya, da watsawa ta atomatik na 8AT don ɗaukar jirgin ruwa Gorges guda uku. ya kai matakin ci gaba na duniya. Kamfanoni daban-daban suna mayar da hankali kan fannonin aikace-aikacen daban-daban bisa ga halaye da fa'idodin su. Kasuwanci guda ɗaya ya mamaye ɗan ƙaramin rabo na gabaɗayan kasuwar kasuwa, kuma ƙimar kasuwar kayan gida ta yi ƙasa kaɗan.

2. Yanayin ci gaba na gaba na masana'antar kaya

Electrification, sassauci, hankali da nauyi mai nauyi sune abubuwan haɓaka samfuran gaba, waɗanda duka ƙalubale ne da dama ga kamfanonin kayan aikin gargajiya.

Electrification: Lantarki na wutar lantarki yana kawo ƙalubale ga watsa kayan aikin gargajiya. Rikicin da yake kawowa shine: a gefe guda, ana haɓaka watsa kayan gargajiya na gargajiya zuwa tsari mai sauƙi da sauƙi tare da babban saurin gudu, ƙaramar amo, inganci mai inganci, daidaici da tsayin rai. A daya bangaren kuma, tana fuskantar rugujewar hanyar lantarki kai tsaye ba tare da isar da kayan aiki ba. Don haka, kamfanonin watsa shirye-shiryen gargajiya ba kawai su yi nazarin yadda ake biyan buƙatun wutar lantarki ba don sarrafa amo na watsa kaya a cikin matsanancin matsanancin gudu (≥15000rpm), amfani da damar haɓaka sabbin watsawa ta hanyar haɓakar fashewar wutar lantarki na yanzu. ababen hawa, amma kuma a kula sosai a nan gaba. Barazanar juyin juya hali na fasahar tuƙi kai tsaye na lantarki mara gear da fasahar watsa wutar lantarki zuwa masana'antar watsa kayan gargajiya da kayan aiki.

Sassautu: A nan gaba, gasar kasuwa za ta ƙara zama mai ban sha'awa, kuma buƙatun samfuran za su kasance masu bambanta da keɓancewa, amma buƙatar samfur ɗaya na iya zama babba sosai. A matsayin masana'antu na asali a cikin masana'antun masana'antu, masana'antun kayan aiki dole ne su fuskanci yawancin filayen ƙasa. Bambance-bambancen masana'antu da inganci sun gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma. Therefore, it is necessary for enterprises to establish a flexible production system to complete the batch production tasks of different varieties through equipment adjustment on the same production line, which not only meets the diversified requirements of multiple varieties, but also minimizes the downtime of the equipment layin taro kuma ya gane samar da sassauƙa. , don gina ginshiƙi gasa na kamfanoni.

Hankali: Faɗin aikace-aikacen fasahar sarrafawa akan inji yana sa injin ya zama mai sarrafa kansa; cikakken aikace-aikacen fasaha na sarrafawa, fasahar sadarwar bayanai, da fasahar sadarwa yana sa inji da masana'antu masu hankali. Ga masana'antun kera kayan gargajiya na gargajiya, ƙalubalen shine yadda za a ƙware aikin injiniyan lantarki, injiniyan lantarki, fasahar sarrafawa, fasahar sadarwa da haɗin kai.

Nauyin nauyi: Kayan nauyi mai nauyi da ƙarfin ƙarfi, raguwar nauyin tsari da gyare-gyaren farfajiya da ƙarfafawa suna buƙatar haɗin gwiwar masana'antu da fasahar siminti na ci gaba.