Kayan Rage Propeller
Kayan rage propeller muhimmin sashi ne a cikin jiragen sama masu kayan aikin injin piston ko injin turboprop. Babban aikinsa shine rage saurin juyawa na injin zuwa ƙaramin gudu wanda ya dace da tuƙa propeller yadda ya kamata. Wannan raguwar gudu yana bawa propeller damar canza ƙarfin injin zuwa turji yadda ya kamata, yana inganta ingancin mai da rage hayaniya.
Kayan rage propeller sun ƙunshi gears da dama, ciki har da gear ɗin tuƙi da aka haɗa da crankshaft na injin da kuma gear ɗin tuƙi da aka haɗa da shaft ɗin propeller. Waɗannan gears galibi gears ne masu helical ko spur kuma an ƙera su don haɗawa cikin sauƙi don watsa wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata.
A cikin jiragen sama masu amfani da piston, rabon rage gudu yawanci yana tsakanin 0.5 zuwa 0.6, ma'ana cewa propeller yana juyawa da kusan rabin ko ɗan fiye da rabin gudun injin. Wannan raguwar gudu yana bawa propeller damar aiki a mafi kyawun ingancinsa, yana haifar da tururi tare da ƙarancin hayaniya da girgiza.
A cikin jiragen sama na turboprop, ana amfani da kayan rage gudu don daidaita fitowar injin turbine mai saurin gaske da ƙaramin saurin juyawa da propeller ke buƙata. Wannan kayan rage gudu yana bawa injunan turboprop damar yin aiki yadda ya kamata a cikin kewayon gudu daban-daban, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da nau'ikan jiragen sama da ayyuka daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, kayan rage propeller muhimmin sashi ne a cikin tsarin tuƙi na jirgin sama, yana bawa injina damar aiki yadda ya kamata da kuma shiru yayin da suke samar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don tashi.
Kayan Saukowa
Kayan saukar jirgin sama muhimmin sashi ne na jirgin sama wanda ke ba shi damar tashi, sauka, da kuma taksi a ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi ƙafafun, struts, da sauran hanyoyin da ke tallafawa nauyin jirgin kuma suna samar da kwanciyar hankali yayin ayyukan ƙasa. Kayan saukar jirgin yawanci ana iya ja da baya, ma'ana ana iya ɗaga shi zuwa cikin jirgin yayin tashi don rage jan hankali.
Tsarin gear ɗin saukowa ya ƙunshi muhimman abubuwa da dama, kowannensu yana aiki da takamaiman aiki:
Babban Kayan Sauka: Babban kayan saukar jirgin yana ƙarƙashin fikafikan kuma yana ɗaukar mafi yawan nauyin jirgin. Ya ƙunshi ƙafafu ɗaya ko fiye da aka haɗa da struts waɗanda ke faɗaɗa daga fikafikan ko fuselage.
Kayan Sauka Hanci: Kayan saukar hanci suna ƙarƙashin hancin jirgin kuma suna tallafawa gaban jirgin idan yana ƙasa. Yawanci yana ƙunshe da ƙafa ɗaya da aka haɗa da strut wanda ke faɗaɗa ƙasa daga jirgin saman.
Masu Shake Girgiza: Tsarin kayan saukar jiragen sama galibi yana ɗauke da na'urorin shake girgiza don rage tasirin saukowa da jigilar taksi a kan saman da ba shi da kyau. Waɗannan na'urorin shakewa suna taimakawa wajen kare tsarin jirgin da sassansa daga lalacewa.
Tsarin Janyewa: Tsarin jayewa daga gear na saukowa yana ba da damar ɗaga kayan saukarwa zuwa cikin jirgin yayin tashi. Wannan tsarin na iya haɗawa da na'urorin motsa jiki na hydraulic ko na lantarki waɗanda ke ɗagawa da rage kayan saukarwa.
Tsarin Birki: Kayan saukar jirgin suna da birki waɗanda ke ba matukin jirgin damar rage gudu da kuma dakatar da shi yayin sauka da hawa taksi. Tsarin birki na iya haɗawa da abubuwan haɗin ruwa ko na iska waɗanda ke sanya matsin lamba ga ƙafafun don rage gudu.
Tsarin Tuƙi: Wasu jiragen sama suna da tsarin tuƙi a kan kayan saukar hanci wanda ke ba matukin jirgin damar tuƙi jirgin yayin da yake ƙasa. Wannan tsarin yawanci yana da alaƙa da fedalin tuƙi na jirgin.
Gabaɗaya, kayan saukar jiragen sama muhimmin sashi ne na ƙirar jirgin sama, wanda ke ba shi damar yin aiki lafiya da inganci a ƙasa. Tsarin da gina tsarin kayan saukar jiragen sama yana ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don tabbatar da amincin ayyukan tashi.
Kayan jigilar Helikwafta
Giyayen watsa helikwafta muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin watsa helikwafta, wanda ke da alhakin watsa wutar lantarki daga injin zuwa babban rotor da kuma na'urar juyawa ta wutsiya. Waɗannan giya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa halayen tashi na helikwafta, kamar ɗagawa, turawa, da kwanciyar hankali. Ga wasu muhimman fannoni na giyar watsa helikwafta:
yana da mahimmanci don canja wurin wutar lantarki daga injin zuwa babban na'urar juyawa. Nau'ikan giyar da ake amfani da su a cikin watsawa na helikofta sun haɗa da:Girasar BevelCanza alkiblar watsa wutar lantarki gears na Spur: Taimaka wajen kiyaye saurin rotor mai daidaitoGiraben taurari: Ba da damar daidaita rabon gear, wanda ke inganta kwanciyar hankali da sarrafawa yayin tashi
Babban Watsawa na Rotor: Babban giyar watsawa ta rotor tana canja wurin wuta daga injin zuwa babban shaft na rotor, wanda ke tuƙa manyan ruwan wukake na rotor. An ƙera waɗannan giyar ne don jure manyan kaya da gudu kuma dole ne a ƙera su daidai don tabbatar da sauƙin canja wurin wuta.
Watsawa ta Juyawa ta Wutsiya: Giyar watsawa ta juyawa ta juyawa tana canja wurin wutar lantarki daga injin zuwa shaft ɗin juyawa ta wutsiya, wanda ke sarrafa yaw na helikwafta ko motsi na gefe-da-gefe. Waɗannan giya galibi ƙanana ne kuma sun fi sauƙi fiye da manyan giyar watsawa ta rotor amma dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfi da aminci.
Rage Giya: Giyayen watsawa na helikwafta galibi suna haɗa da tsarin rage giya don daidaita fitowar injin mai sauri zuwa ƙaramin saurin da manyan injinan juyawa da wutsiya ke buƙata. Wannan raguwar gudu yana bawa injinan juyawa damar aiki yadda ya kamata kuma yana rage haɗarin gazawar injin.
Kayan Aiki Masu Ƙarfi: Ana yin giyar jigilar helikwafta ne da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, kamar ƙarfe mai tauri ko titanium, don jure wa manyan kaya da matsin lamba da ake fuskanta yayin aiki.
Tsarin Man Shafawa: Gilashin jigilar helikwafta suna buƙatar tsarin man shafawa mai inganci don tabbatar da aiki cikin sauƙi da rage lalacewa. Dole ne man shafawa ya iya jure yanayin zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa kuma ya samar da isasshen kariya daga gogayya da tsatsa.
Kulawa da Dubawa: Gilashin jigilar helikwafta suna buƙatar kulawa da dubawa akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa suna aiki yadda ya kamata. Duk wata alama ta lalacewa ko lalacewa dole ne a magance ta cikin gaggawa don hana yuwuwar lalacewar injina.
Gabaɗaya, kayan jigilar helikwafta muhimmin abu ne da ke ba da gudummawa ga aminci da ingantaccen aikin helikwafta. Dole ne a tsara su, a ƙera su, kuma a kula da su zuwa mafi girman matsayi don tabbatar da amincin ayyukan tashi.
Na'urar Rage Turboprop
Kayan rage turboprop muhimmin sashi ne a cikin injunan turboprop, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin jiragen sama don samar da turbine. Kayan rage yana da alhakin rage yawan fitowar turbine na injin zuwa ƙaramin gudu wanda ya dace da tuƙa propeller yadda ya kamata. Ga wasu muhimman fannoni na turboprop reduction gears:
Rage Ragewa: Gilashin ragewa yana rage juyawar injin injin mai sauri, wanda zai iya wuce dubban juyi a minti daya (RPM), zuwa ƙaramin gudu da ya dace da injin. Ragewar yawanci yana tsakanin 10:1 da 20:1, ma'ana cewa injin yana juyawa a cikin goma zuwa ashirin na saurin injin.
Tsarin Kayan Gilashin Duniya: Gilashin rage gudu na Turboprop galibi suna amfani da tsarin kayan gilashin duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan gilashin rana na tsakiya, kayan gilashin duniya, da kayan gear zobe. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar rage kaya mai sauƙi da inganci yayin da yake rarraba nauyin daidai tsakanin kayan gilashin.
Shaft Mai Sauri Mai Input: An haɗa gear ɗin rage gudu zuwa shaft mai saurin fitarwa na injin turbine. Wannan shaft yana juyawa a cikin babban gudu kuma dole ne a tsara shi don jure matsin lamba da yanayin zafi da injin turbine ke haifarwa.
Shaft Mai Sauri Mai Sauri: Shaft ɗin fitarwa na gear ɗin rage gudu yana haɗe da propeller kuma yana juyawa da ƙarancin gudu fiye da shaft ɗin shigarwa. Wannan shaft ɗin yana aika raguwar gudu da ƙarfin juyi zuwa ga propeller, yana ba shi damar samar da turawa.
Bearings da Man Shafawa: Gear rage turboprop suna buƙatar tsarin bearings da man shafawa masu inganci don tabbatar da aiki mai santsi da aminci. Bearings dole ne su iya jure wa manyan gudu da kaya, yayin da tsarin man shafawa dole ne ya samar da isasshen man shafawa don rage gogayya da lalacewa.
Inganci da Aiki: Tsarin kayan rage farashi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga inganci da aikin injin turboprop gaba ɗaya. Kayan rage farashi mai kyau na iya inganta ingancin mai, rage hayaniya da girgiza, da kuma ƙara tsawon rayuwar injin da propeller.
Gabaɗaya, kayan rage turboprop muhimmin sashi ne na injunan turboprop, wanda ke ba su damar aiki yadda ya kamata da kuma inganci yayin da suke samar da wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don tuƙi da jiragen sama.
Ƙarin Kayan Aikin Noma inda Belon Gears ke aiki
